How long is the term of a President? What are the qualifications to become President?
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a dizzying amount of unfamiliar terms and phrases into our everyday lives. Though they can be confusing, information technology'due south important to have an accurate understanding of their meanings, especially if nosotros want our communities to navigate the pandemic safely. Below, nosotros've rounded up some of the nigh common COVID-19-related terms — from how the virus spreads in communities, to handling and test options to how to assist deadening the spread. Without a doubt, familiarizing yourself with this list is the start pace to ensuring a safer tomorrow for yourself and others.
Virus- & Outbreak-Related Terms
- Coronavirus: At that place are many types of coronaviruses, all of which contain RNA and take crown-shaped spikes on their surfaces. Different types of these viruses tin can crusade mild illness like the common cold, or more severe respiratory infections.
- SARS-CoV-2 or the "novel coronavirus": These are both terms for the coronavirus that has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Because this item virus was novel to humans, at that place was no existing amnesty or ability to fight off the virus' effects.
- COVID-19: the name of the affliction that SARS-COV-2 can cause. COVID-19 is a shortened version of "coronavirus disease 2019."
- Zoonotic: A description of a illness that is able to spread from animals to humans. According to the Centre for Disease Command and Prevention (CDC), zoonotic diseases are relatively common — 6 out of 10 of all known diseases are zoonotic.
- Outbreak: A localized uptick in cases. Outbreaks are oft traceable to specific events like concerts, or locations like day care centers or nursing homes.
- Epidemic: A larger than expected surge in the number of cases of a affliction or illness in a item geographic region or area.
- Pandemic: An epidemic that has spread beyond geographical or national boundaries and has afflicted a large number of people on a global calibration. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020.
Transmission- & Spread-Related Terms
- Airborne Transmission: A disease or affliction that tin be spread from person to person through the air. Airborne diseases tend to exist more contagious than those requiring physical contact.
- Aerosol: A tiny particle of respiratory fluid that contains viral fabric and tin remain in the air for a period of time.
- Droplet: A pocket-size driblet of fluid. Droplets containing a virus tin be expelled when an infected person talks, breathes, sneezes, or coughs.
- R0/'R-naught': A number indicating the average number of people that will catch a disease or illness from one infected person. R0 is used as a measure of how contagious a disease is. The R0 for COVID-xix transmission in the United States varies by region.
- Customs Transmission: This refers to cases of infection that cannot be directly linked to known travel of an private or a previously identified positive example.
- Asymptomatic: When one is displaying no symptoms or outward signs of having a illness throughout the form of infection. Evidence suggests that individuals who are asymptomatic can nevertheless transmit the virus to others.
- Presymptomatic/Incubation Period: When i is not nevertheless displaying symptoms due to an early on stage of infection. The virus can even so be spread during this fourth dimension period.
- Super-spreader: A person who transmits a illness or affliction to an unusually loftier number of people.
Prevention- & Mitigation-Related Terms
- Social and Physical Distancing: The practise of reducing close person-to-person contact in a community in lodge to decrease the transmission rate of a virus or illness. Social distancing measures include instructions to work from domicile, plexiglass barriers, or six-foot markers in public spaces.
- Contact Tracing: The process of public health officials identifying individuals who accept been infected with or exposed to a viral illness in gild to further mitigate and manage the virus's spread within a community.
- Flattening the Curve: The "bend" here refers to the shape on graphs like number of cases or hospitalizations. 'Flattening' these curves involves taking steps like sheltering in identify, social distancing, and self quarantining in order to preclude surges of patients that demand hospitalization and treatment all at in one case.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE refers to wear or materials that are specially made to act as a barrier against exposure or infection. Examples of PPE include face shields, masks, goggles, gowns and gloves.
- N95: Also chosen a respirator, this special type of mask covers the olfactory organ and mouth and is manufactured to safely filter particles that can crusade COVID-19 when fit-tested and used correctly. These masks are typically reserved for healthcare workers or those coming in shut contact with active infection, and are not recommended for employ in public.
- Quarantine/Self-Quarantine: A quarantine is a period of isolation post-obit exposure or potential exposure to a virus, in lodge to prevent passing the virus to others. Individuals who have been potentially exposed to COVID-19 are advised to quarantine for at least 10 days following the exposure.
- Isolation/Self-Isolation: When an private has a confirmed or suspected instance of an illness or virus, they should isolate. Isolation differs from quarantine in that quarantine occurs following potential exposure to an illness, and isolation occurs later on an private has been infected.
- Vaccine: Vaccinations introduce a modest corporeality of inactivated or weakened virus and so that the trunk tin produce antibodies that work by recognizing the virus and preventing it from causing illness in the hereafter. Vaccines are preventative measures that can increment immunity on a large scale.
Testing- & Treatment-Related Terms:
- Molecular or Viral Test: A test used to determine if a person currently has an active infection from SARS-CoV-2. Viral tests work by analyzing a sample of saliva or fungus in social club to determine whether the virus is present.
- Antibody Test: A test that detects whether a person has antibodies for a specific virus or disease. Antibodies are proteins created past the body's immune system that combat a specific virus or disease. These tests are not used to selection upward on active infections.
- Remdesivir (Veklury): An antiviral drug that has been approved past the FDA for treatment of COVID-19. Remdesivir works past preventing replication of RNA within viral particles so that the virus cannot multiply and spread inside the torso as easily.
- Dexamethasone: A corticosteroid with anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive furnishings, ofttimes used to combat respiratory disease. Dexamethasone is recommended every bit a treatment for moderate to severe COVID-nineteen to piece of work against tissue damage in the lungs.
- Ventilator: When a patient isn't able to breathe on their ain, a ventilator can exist used in the hospital to help them breathe. A tube is inserted into the patient'south windpipe through the oral cavity and a machine works to supply oxygen direct to the patient'southward lungs.
Resources Links:
- Coronavirus (COVID-xix) Outbreak Glossary via Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF)
- COVID-19 Glossary via Yale Medicine
- "Zoonotic Diseases" via Centers for Disease Command & Prevention (CDC)
- "Testing Overview" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Information for Clinicians on Investigational Therapeutics for Patients with COVID-19" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Scientific discipline Brief: SARS-CoV-ii and Potential Airborne Transmission" via Centers for Disease Command & Prevention (CDC)
- "Final study confirms Remdesivir benefits for COVID-xix" via National Institutes of Wellness (NIH)
- "Is Dexamethasone the COVID-19 Cure We've Been Looking For?" via Reference
- "What Is Contact Tracing, and Why Is It Of import During the COVID-19 Pandemic?" via Ask
- "COVID-19 Terms: The Divergence Betwixt Social Distancing, Physical Distancing & More" via Reference
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